Syllabus for Undergraduate Students

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A) General Introduction to Microbiology

B) Immunology

C) Systemic Bacteriology

D) Mycology

E) Virology

F) Special Topics in Clinical Microbiology

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A) General Introduction:

1. Microbiology & Medicine

2. Morphology and Structure of Microorganisms:

  • Difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

  • Basic bacterial structure

  • Methods of microorganism staining

  • Structure of viruses and fungi

3. Classification of Microorganisms

4. Virulence Factors of Bacteria

5. Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria:

  • Growth requirement for bacteria

  • Environmental conditions required for bacterial growth

  • Bacterial growth cycle

6. Sterilization & Disinfection:

  • Methods of sterilization

  • Methods of disinfection

  • Application in Medicine

7. Genetics of Bacteria

8. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy:

  • Mechanism of action of antimicrobials

  • Principle of antimicrobial therapy

  • Antibiotic resistance

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B) Immunology:

Part I (Introduction to Immunology)

1. The Immune System:

  • Anatomy of the Immune system (Bone marrow, Thymus, Spleen, Lymph nodes)

  • Function of the Immune system

  • Cells of the Immune system

2. Antigen & Antibody:

  • Antigens, haptens and adjuvants

  • Immunoglobulins:

i. Structure

ii. Classes

iii. Characteristics

iV. Functions

  • Antigen-Antibody reaction

3. Complement System:

  • Opsonization

  • Control of complement activation

  • Classic & Alternative pathways

 

Part II (Basic Immunology)

1. Natural & Acquired Immunity

  • Natural Immunity:

i. Physical barriers

ii. Chemical barriers

iii. Phagocytosis

  • Acquired Immunity:

i. Lymphocytes (development, maturation, activation)

ii. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Molecules

  • Structure

  • Function

iii. Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

2. Immune Response:

  • Humeral response

  • Cell mediated response

  • Cells involved in the immune response

  • Factors affecting the immune response

  • Primary & secondary immune response

  • Immunity to infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic)

 

Part III (Clinical Immunology)

1. Immune system abnormalities:

  • Immunodeficiency

  • Autoimmunity

  • Hypersensitivity

i. Anaphylactic (type I HSR)

ii. Cytotoxic (type II HSR)

iii. Immune complex (type III HSR)

iv. Delayed (type IV HSR)

2. Transplantation

3. ABO & Rh incompatibility

4. Tumour Immunology

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C) Systemic Bacteriology:

1. Pyogenic cocci

  • Staphylococci

  • Streptococci

  • Neisseria

2. Gram-positive non-sporulating bacilli

  • Corynbacterium species

  • Listeria monocytogenes

  • Actinomyces

  • Nocardia

3. Acid-fast bacteria

  • Mycobacterium species

4. Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli

  • Aerobic spore-forming bacilli (Bacillus species)

  • Anaerobic spore-forming bacilli (Clostridium species)

5. Bacteroides and the indigenous microbial flora

6. Enteric gram-negative bacilli

  • Escherichia coli

  • Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia

  • Salmonella species

  • Shigella species

  • Yersinia species

  • Vibrios

  • Campylobacter species and Helicobacter pylori

7. Non-enterobacteriaceae non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli

  • Pseudomonas

8. Other gram-negative bacilli

  • Brucella species

  • Bordetella species

  • Haemophilus influenza

9. Spirochetes

  • Treponema

  • Borrelia

  • Leptospira

10. Mycoplasma

11. Rickettsia

12. Chlamydiae

13. Legionella

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D) Mycology:

1. Characteristic of fungi and isolation of pathogenic species

2. Superficial mycosis

3. Subcutaneous mycosis

4. Systemic mycosis

5. Opportunistic mycosis

6. Antifungal chemotherapy

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E) Virology:

1. Introduction

  • Structure, replication, genetics, classification of viruses

  • Pathogenesis, spread of infection, host defense, antiviral drugs

2. HIV infection and AIDS

3. Hepatic viral diseases

4. Respiratory viral infections

5. Exanthmatous viral infection

6. Viral haemorrrhagic fevers

7. Viral neurotropic diseases

8. Glandular viral diseases

9. Gastrointestinal viral diseases

10. Viral infection of the eyes

11. Viral infections of the foetus

12. Viruses and oncogenesis

13. Slow virus infections

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F) Special Topics in Clinical Microbiology:

1. Isolation and identification of medically important bacteria

2. Hospital acquired (Nosocomial) infections (HAI, NI)

3. Urinary tract infections (UTI)

4. Sexually transmitted (Venereal) diseases (STD, VD)

5. Respiratory tract infections (RTI)

6. Diarrhoeal diseases (DD)

7. Infections in the Immunocompromized host

 

 

  

 

 

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